Structure of the solar system
When deciding to install solar panels, it is important to understand the components of such a system. The properties and quality of the system's components are crucial to its efficiency and will affect the time it takes to get a return on our investment.
What exactly is a solar panel?
A solar cell is a photovoltaic cell that directly converts the sun's radiant energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy can either be fed into the grid or stored in batteries.
However, the solar panel alone is not enough, as it only produces direct current (DC). We need an additional battery to convert this direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) to use it in our home devices.
It is important to note that a solar panel and a solar collector are two different things. A solar panel produces electricity, while a solar collector produces hot water.
The efficiency of solar panels has increased significantly over the years. The first solar cells in the 1950s had an efficiency of only 1-4%, while the best commercially available types today have an efficiency of 20-23%. In addition, prices have fallen significantly over the years, making solar PV systems an economical investment that can pay for itself in a short time.
A solar system offers a cost-effective option for environmentally friendly and energy efficient homes. These systems work well in combination with, for example, a heat pump, which allows heating to be provided with environmentally friendly and renewable energy, and even generates the electricity needed from the solar panels. It is also possible to charge an electric car, making driving more energy efficient.
Parts of the solar system:
- Main types of solar panels: The two most common types are monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells. They have different structures, but both produce electricity. Monocrystalline solar cells generally have a higher efficiency (20-22%), while polycrystalline solar cells (19-22%) perform better in scattered light and cloudy weather. Both types operate efficiently in Hungary.
- Inverter: Solar panels generate direct current (DC), while our home devices and the grid use alternating current (AC). The inverter's job is to convert DC power into AC power, and thus forms the heart of the system. Inverters have different power outputs and it is important to choose the right size to ensure system efficiency.
- Energy storage (batteries): Batteries allow energy storage, so the energy generated does not need to be fed into the grid immediately, but can be stored and used later. This can be particularly useful in areas where mains electricity is not available or where power cuts are frequent. The batteries can be connected to the system so that they are charged directly by the solar panels.
- Smart metering: Smart meters help you monitor energy production and consumption in your home. This allows you to use energy more efficiently and optimise your system.
- Optimisation of solar panels: Performance optimisers allow each solar panel to be monitored and optimised separately. This is particularly useful for pitched roofs or shading, where solar panels have different outputs.
- Support structure: The mounting bracket ensures that the solar panels are securely and safely fixed to the roof or other surface. The material of the mounting bracket is important for the long life of the system and should be rustproof.
- Cables and installation materials: Cables and electrical installation materials are essential for the operation and safety of the system. Their quality and durability are key to long-term reliability.
- Ad-vesz meter: In the case of balance billing, a special meter is installed that can measure the energy consumption from the grid and the energy fed back into it. This is essential for the energy distributor to measure the energy we produce and use.
- Licensing of electricity suppliers: Before installing a solar system, you also need to obtain a permit from the electricity company. This ensures that the system will work in accordance with local rules and regulations.
Designing and installing a solar PV system is a complex process that requires quality components and professional installation. Careful planning and selection can help make your solar system a long-term return on investment.
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